| This action submitted in Local Actions at 4th World Water Forum (2006). | |
| Date | Mar.2,2007 |
| Region | Asia |
| Country | India |
| Actor(s) [Nation (Ministry, Agency)/Organization] |
Centre for Community Health Research, India |
| Partner(s) | World Toilet Organisation Centre for Ecotechnology, Australia |
| Title | Long-term toilet rehabilitation programme in Tsunami affected coastal villages in Kerala and Tamil Nadu |
| Objective | *To provide decent, sustainable sanitation facilities to the selected poor villages in tsunami affected Kerala and Tamil Nadu. *Scaling up of such low-cost models of toilets found to be feasible and suitable in disasters like tsunami/ flood/hurricane etc. That will improve the health conditions and overall quality of life of the poor in the developing world. Finally such actions will accelerate the process towards Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). |
| Contents | The number of people killed in earthquake and tsunami devastated Indian Ocean coastlines have been shot up to more than 165,000. In India, 15,689 people officially reported to be killed or missing along the coast of South India. WHO estimated that a total of 2,260 km of coastal land in South India severely affected and penetrating 300m to 3 km. Further it was reported 627,119 people from 897 fishing villages recorded homeless. So far 638,297 people from affected villages along the coastal belt evacuated to safer places or relief camps immediately after the strike of the killer waves. Tidal waves hit the coast of Tamilnadu, Andhra Pradesh, Orissa, Kerala and Pondicherry and unto the Andaman and Nicobar islands. Twenty six million people live in the affected area. Situation Report of WHO states that “tackling urgent needs such as ensuring proper sanitation and clean water supplies and putting measures in place to try to prevent disease outbreaks is critical”. Further the Report emphasised that lack of toilet facilities are of utmost concern Long term relief and rehabilitation is a big challenge: As a long-term rehabilitation effort we feel, toilets should be cost-effective, feasible, sustainable and innovative. Some indigenous, viable, tested and innovative models are available. Few innovative including compost ecosan models are found to be more feasible in the region. work-plan: Besides building the toilets, there are parallel activities to ensure sustainability of the programme.They are Training for toilet construction and maintenance; Preparation of awareness materials on hygiene behaviour/ campaign /classes /seminar /Hand-washing / WASH-Campaign of WSSCC /printing etc.; Operation & Maintenance/Supervision/ Salary of project staff; Travel /Monitor / Epidemiological survey /SSHE programme / sanitary club etc Local partner for World Toilet Organisation (WTO) in India: Centre for Community Health Research (CCHR), Kerala, will be the local partner for the implementation of this proposed plan of action for the rehabilitation of toilets in tsunami affected coastal villages in India. Collaboration will be with Organisations having technical skills and support for toilet construction. Therefore, few Organisations in the sector have been provisionally listed for this purpose. Training for toilet construction: proper training will be given for the construction of low-cost, sustainable and innovative models of toilets. Volunteers will be selected by CCHR, Kerala. Awareness programme: Proper hygiene and sanitary awareness will be given to the poor fishermen communities. Awareness materials including reading materials will be given to villages. Local stakeholders: The programme will be participatory and multi-sectoral. Local “Panchayats” will be one of the main stakeholders of the programme. Panchayats are otherwise called as PRIs (Panchayati Raj Institutions) which are the lowest administrative step-up at the Government level. Operation and maintenance: Operation and maintenance will be carried out with the support and co-operation of all local stakeholders. Follow-up and scaling up: In India CCHR will take care of follow-up actions and dissemination of knowledge at the grass-root level. Viable Toilet models: Following toilet models are at present found to be feasible, cost-effective, sustainable and innovative for tsunami affected coastal villages in South India. (a). Toilet with Single pit: This model is a cost-effective and sustainable model. Total cost will be around Rs. 4500 (Indian Rupee) or about US$ 103. (b). Midnapore model toilet: This is a successful model toilet implemented in West Bengal where open defecation was a problem. Open defecation is still a very acute problem along the coast in South India.Therefore, Midnapore model toilets found to be more feasible in areas with open defecation especially in fishermen hamlets. The total cost will be around Rs.1000 only (Indian Rupee) or simply US$ 23. (c). Ecosan Compost toilet: Ecosan concept is a new approach in the area of ecological sanitation in which human excreta converted into productive purposes in agriculture. So this model is considered as an innovative and sustainable. Successful implementation will lead to scale up such innovative models in other regions. The total cost of this ecosan compost toilet will be around Rs.5000 (Indian Rupee) or US$ 114. (d) Padmanabapuram palace toilet model: This model is so indigenous and adopted from Padmanabapuram palace of the old Travancore Kingdom. The model is found to be very cost-effective and successful. The cost of this model will be around Rs.4500 (Indian Rupee) or 102 US$ (e) School sanitary complex model: This toilet complex will be most suitable in Tsunami hit coastal Primary schools along the cost of South India and Sri Lanka. The cost of this school toilet complex will be Rs. 35000 (Indian Rupee) or 796 US $. Activities: To provide sustainable, cost-effective, innovative and scale-up models of toilets to the tsunami affected poor people in the selected fishermen villages of Kerala and Tamil Nadu in South India. Further, besides building the toilets, there are parallel activities to ensure sustainability of the programme.They are training for toilet construction and maintenance; Preparation of awareness materials on hygiene behaviour/ campaign /classes /seminar /Hand-washing / WASH-Campaign of WSSCCetc. |
| Means of Implementation |
StakeHolder; 1.Centre for Commuity Health Research, India 2.World Toilet Organisation, Singapore 3.Centre for Ecotechnology, Australia 4.Local Panchayats (PRIs) Means; CCHR, India is the local implementing agency. WTO, Singapore will mobilise resources for the project. Centre for Ecotechnology will provide the technical knowledge for toilet construction along with other such types organisations in India Panchayats (PRIs) are the local self governemnts with peoples representatives to manage all other activities with their contributions in order to ensure the trasperency of the programme. Ideas; Innovation: The toilet models are sustainable, low-cost,innovative and scale-up. Such models are feasible in situations like tsunami,flood or hurricane. No doubt,these models will accelerate the process towards the commitment of MDGs to a great extent. Costs; Budget: A total of 800 toilets of five different models along with 10 school toilet complex will be able to construct as a long-term rehabilitation programme. Different modules include hygiene awareness programme, WASH Campaign, Operation and Maintenance, follow-ups are important components. We want to cover this scheme in selected of fishermen villages along coast of Tamil Nadu and Kerala. The selection of such communities will be decided only after proper discussions with Local Panchayat Authorities (PRIs) of the respective areas along with other stakeholders including Government. World Toilet Organisation (WTO) in Singapore has taken the challenge to mobilise funds for the long-term toilet rehabilitation programme in Tsunami affected coastal villages of Kerala and Tamil Nadu. |
| CSD Decision |
D-a-(ii):Strengthening capacities of national and local authorities in resource allocation and management, quality control, development and implementation of water supply projects, and monitoring of service provision; D-b-(iii):Promoting and strengthening commercial capacities of local suppliers; D-k-(i):Providing managerial and technical training to public utilities, community-based organizations and small-scale providers for development, operation and maintenance of sanitation systems; D-k-(iv):Promoting and strengthening commercial capacities of local suppliers in establishing sustainable sanitation delivery models; D-m-(i):Promoting gender-sensitive sanitation and hygiene education and awareness, including through social marketing and public information campaigns such as Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for All (WASH), and improve understanding of the linkages among sanitation, hygiene and health; D-b-(ii):Tapping local and indigenous knowledge in project development and implementation; D-c-(i):Promoting access to appropriate low-cost and environmentally sustainable water use and supply technologies through North-South and South-South cooperation and partnerships; D-k-(iii):Tapping local and indigenous knowledge in project development and implementation; D-l-(ii):Investing in research and development projects including in applications of indigenous technologies and ecological sanitation; D-l-(iv):Strengthening North-South and South-South cooperation in developing and applying sanitation technology; D-u-(i):Assessing the impact of natural disasters, climate change and climate variability on water resources, water supply, sanitation, human settlements; |
| Attachment | |
| Situation | Ongoing |
| Target Year | Scaling up of such low-cost models of toilets found to be feasible and suitable in disasters like tsunami/ flood/hurricane etc. That will improve the health conditions and overall quality of life of the poor world over. Further, such actions will accelerate the process towards Millennium Development Goal (MDGs). UN Population Fund predicts that there will be acute of shortage of freshwater by 2050. About 3 billion people do not have adequate sanitation facilities, and 11,000 children die of water-related diseases every day. In India, one fifth of urban population and three quarters of rural population do not have access to safe drinking water unless there will be no integrated water management strategy. Therefore, sustainable, low-cost, innovative and scale-up models of toilets are found to be suitable in situations like tsunami, floods, hurricane or such disasters world over. |
| Target Area / Place | Region:Asia-Pacific Scope:Country |
| Expected Outcome(S) | A model Local Action at the 4th World Water Forum for a Global Challenge. To raise a Global awareness on situations like Tsunami. To ensure sustainable sanitation facilities to the tsunami affected people in coastal villages of South India. Low-cost models of toilets are found to be sustainable and feasible in situations like post-tsunami/flood/hurricane or such type disasters world over. |
| Relevance to the Plan of Implementation of WSSD |
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| Progress | |
| Link | |
| Other Information |
Type of Action; Isolated Relevant Agencies; Government,Multilateral,Civil,NGO Orientation; Corrective/Preventive Replicability; Yes 4th World Water Forum: Local Actions ID; LA0439 Forum Secretariat Recommendation ; No Kyoto Prize Finalist; No Presented in Sessions; No Original Language; English |
| Contact Person | Jasmine Cheriyan |
| Position | Mrs.Jasmine Cheriyan is the programme officer of the Centre for Community Health Research in India. She has got her M.Sc., and B.Ed from the University of Kerala. She has 15 years of experience in water quality research. She is in-charge of water quality research in the Centre for Community health Research. She had a Session at the 3rd World Water Forum in Kyoto entitled “Drinking water quality and health implications in Developing Countries”. www.water-forum3.com/ta/agenda/m16.htm www.world.water-forum3.com/wwf/SANI-181_SANI-18.doc www.water-forum3.com/ta/files/2-4.pdf http://ap.world.water-forum3.com/themeWwf/en/sessionDetail.do?id=59 |
| cheriyanmk@yahoo.co.in | |
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